Focused Paper · P64

A Physical Origin of Quark Charge Fractions

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21303184 · Open access · CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Zenodo

Quarks carry charges of exactly plus two-thirds and minus one-third of the electron charge. The Standard Model builds these fractions in by hand and offers no reason for the specific values.

This paper derives the fractions from the geometry of a three-core condensed structure, in which the total circulation divides among the cores in exactly the observed ratios. Confinement of fractional charge follows from the same geometry.

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