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Part I-B

17. Nested Balloons and "Finite But Unbounded" Both Fail as Rescues

Two defences are commonly offered once the balloon's problems are pointed out. Nested balloons fail on three independent counts: a shared centre persists across every layer, differential expansion between layers would produce anisotropic recession patterns that are not observed, and discrete layering would imply detectable voids between layers that are not observed either. "Finite but unbounded" geometry does not answer what lies beyond a closed loop; it only demonstrates that the loop itself has no endpoint, which is the same boundary question Paper 5 addresses directly instead of leaving open [P5].

Source papers: P5

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