Part II

39. The CMB Energy-to-Temperature Derivation Is Not Circular

A frequent objection is that inferring temperature from energy density and then citing the observed temperature as confirmation is circular reasoning. BFUT Paper 7 shows it is not: the FIRAS instrument aboard COBE independently confirmed an absolute monopole temperature of 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K via spectral measurement alone, with a chemical potential distortion limit under 9 times 10 to the minus 5. The spectral measurement and the thermodynamic energy-to-temperature conversion are two entirely independent operations that happen to agree [P7].

Source papers: P7

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