CMB Anisotropy Simulation
Paper →Code →All Papers →
Zenodo Open Access
P7 Simulation Code
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19299979
Download Code →
Big Flare-Up Theory — Paper 7 — Simulation 1

CMB Anisotropy from
Ongoing Stellar Sources — No Big Bang Required

The standard model attributes CMB temperature anisotropy to quantum fluctuations frozen at recombination. This simulation tests the BFUT alternative: that a source-modulated thermal-equilibrium sky produces anisotropy at the observed order of magnitude through ongoing stellar fusion activity distributed across an infinite universe.
Sharma, V. S. (2026). Dynamic Thermal Equilibrium as an Alternative Origin for the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature. Zenodo. Companion paper: A Steady-State Reinterpretation of the CMB Acoustic Peak Pattern and the BAO Feature (Paper 7A).
What Was Simulated

Four synthetic sky fields were generated and compared. The BFUT sky models temperature anisotropy as directly proportional to a structured source field representing the distribution of stellar fusion activity. The primordial-like sky is a Gaussian random field representing the standard model account. The hybrid sky combines both components. The randomised control destroys the source structure while preserving the amplitude, providing a null test.

The key question: Does a source-modulated equilibrium sky produce anisotropy at Delta T/T approximately 10^-5, the observed CMB order of magnitude? And does the structured signal collapse when the source structure is destroyed?

Parameters
ParameterValue
Number of pixels / samples200,000
Random seed42
Source-field smoothing passes8
BFUT target anisotropy amplitude (sigma)1.0 x 10^-5
Primordial-like component amplitude (sigma)0.7 x 10^-5
Hybrid source-linked component amplitude (sigma)0.7 x 10^-5
Benchmark Results (V5.1)
1.00 × 10⁻⁵
BFUT sky sigma
7.00 × 10⁻⁶
Primordial-like sky sigma
9.90 × 10⁻⁶
Hybrid sky sigma

Source correlation coefficients:

1.000
BFUT sky vs source field
0.707
Hybrid sky vs source field
0.003
Randomised control vs source

What this means: The BFUT source-modulated sky reproduces anisotropy at exactly the observed CMB order of magnitude. The structured signal is real: when the source field is randomised, the correlation collapses to near zero (0.003), confirming that the signal is not a trivial amplitude effect but reflects genuine source structure. The hybrid sky preserves a strong but non-trivial correlation (0.707) consistent with a partial source-linked contribution.

Interpretation

This simulation does not claim a Planck-precision fit to the observed CMB angular power spectrum. It establishes the computational plausibility of the BFUT mechanism: a source-modulated thermal-equilibrium sky can naturally generate anisotropy at the observed order of magnitude through ongoing processes, without requiring a singular primordial event.

The collapse of the correlation in the randomised control is the critical result. It demonstrates that the signal carries genuine source structure, not merely the correct amplitude. This is exactly the prediction of the BFUT dynamic equilibrium interpretation: CMB temperature anisotropies should reflect the spatial distribution of ongoing stellar activity.

Run the Simulation

Press Run to execute the simulation in your browser. All four sky fields are generated and compared in real time. The power spectrum comparison and correlation results appear below.

Scope and Next Steps

This is a phenomenological forward simulation. The source field represents a smoothed proxy for the distribution of stellar fusion activity. A full treatment requires mapping the actual star-formation-rate density field from survey data (JWST, Rubin) and cross-correlating with the measured CMB anisotropy map. That cross-correlation test, predicting a positive residual above standard secondary effects, is Prediction 14.1 of Paper 7A and is testable with CMB-S4.

Simulation 2 (3D Thermal-Body Equilibrium Uniformity) demonstrates that near-perfect spatial uniformity of the CMB monopole temperature arises naturally from thermodynamic equilibration in an infinite universe, without any primordial hot-origin assumption. Both simulations together address the two main BFUT claims about the CMB: that its temperature is a dynamic equilibrium value, and that its anisotropy reflects ongoing source structure.