P5 — The Universe Has No Boundary: Logical, Derivational, and Observational Arguments for Spatial Infinitude

A proposed boundary of the universe requires space on the other side to contain it, making a physical boundary logically self-defeating. This paper presents three independent lines of argument: logical impossibility of a physical spatial boundary, derivational necessity of infinitude from confirmed physics, and observational consistency with all current data. A finite universe is shown to require assumptions that an infinite universe does not.